语法:
GROUP_CONCAT([DISTINCT] expr [,expr ...][ORDER BY {unsigned_integer | col_name | expr}[ASC | DESC] [,col_name ...]][SEPARATOR str_val])下面演示一下这个函数,先建立一个学生选课表student_courses,并填充一些测试数据。
SQL代码MySQL(Linux)
MySQL 9.6.0是面向Linux平台的2026年创新版本,核心架构迎来重大革新。其将外键约束与级联操作从InnoDB引擎层上移至SQL层,确保所有数据变更均被完整记录至Binlog,彻底解决了CDC(变更数据捕获)与主从复制中的数据不一致难题。此外,该版本引入container_aware启动选项以原生适配容器环境,并对审计日志进行了组件化重构,为追求极致数据一致性与云原生体验的开发者提供了全新选择。
下载复制代码代码如下:CREATE TABLE student_courses (student_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,courses_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,KEY(student_id));INSERT INTO student_courses VALUES (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5);若要查找学生ID为2所选的课程,则使用下面这条SQL:SQL代码复制代码代码如下:mysql> SELECT student_id, courses_id FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2;+------------+------------+| student_id | courses_id |+------------+------------+| 2 | 3 || 2 | 4 || 2 | 5 |+------------+------------+3 rows IN SET (0.00 sec)输出结果有3条记录,说明学生ID为2的学生选了3、4、5这3门课程。
放在PHP里,必须用一个循环才能取到这3条记录,如下所示:PHP代码复制代码代码如下:foreach ($pdo->query("SELECT student_id, courses_id FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2") as $row) {$result[] = $row['courses_id'];}而如果采用GROUP_CONCAT()函数和GROUP BY语句就显得非常简单了,如下所示:SQL代码复制代码代码如下:mysql> SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id) AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2 GROUP BY student_id;+------------+---------+| student_id | courses |+------------+---------+| 2 | 3,4,5 |+------------+---------+1 row IN SET (0.00 sec)
这样php里处理就简单了:
PHP代码复制代码代码如下:$row = $pdo->query("SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id) AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2 GROUP BY student_id");$result = explode(',', $row['courses']);分隔符还可以自定义,默认是以“,”作为分隔符,若要改为“|||”,则使用SEPARATOR来指定,例如:SQL代码复制代码代码如下:SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id SEPARATOR '|||') AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2 GROUP BY student_id;除此之外,还可以对这个组的值来进行排序再连接成字符串,例如按courses_id降序来排:SQL代码复制代码代码如下:SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id ORDER BY courses_id DESC) AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2 GROUP BY student_id;
